\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aiptables -t \u8868\u540d -P \u94fe\u540d \u52a8\u4f5c\n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aiptables -t filter -P FORWARD ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e0a\u4f8b\u8868\u793a\u5c06filter\u8868\u4e2dFORWARD\u94fe\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u4fee\u6539\u4e3aACCEPT<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219<\/h5>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5c06iptables\u89c4\u5219\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u91cd\u542fiptables\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u540e<\/p>\n
service iptables save<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\uff1acentos7\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528firewalld\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5iptables-services\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf7\u56de\u987e\u4e0a\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n
iptables-save > \/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u91cd\u8f7d\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
iptables-restore < \/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n
-s\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740,\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aIP\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.111,192.168.1.118 -j DROP\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.0\/24 -j ACCEPT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT ! -s 192.168.1.0\/24 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n-d\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740,\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aIP\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -d 192.168.1.111,192.168.1.118 -j DROP\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -d 192.168.1.0\/24 -j ACCEPT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT ! -d 192.168.1.0\/24 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n-p\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578btcp\u3001udp\u3001udplite\u3001icmp\u3001esp\u3001ah\u3001sctp\u7b49\uff08centos7\u4e2d\u8fd8\u652f\u6301icmpv6\u3001mh\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.146 -j ACCEPT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT ! -p udp -s 192.168.1.146 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n-i\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u63a5\u53e3\u6d41\u5165\u672c\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u6d41\u5165\u7684\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728OUTPUT\u94fe\u4e0ePOSTROUTING\u94fe\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -p icmp -i eth4 -j DROP\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -p icmp ! -i eth4 -j DROP<\/code><\/pre>\n-o\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u5c06\u8981\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u63a5\u53e3\u6d41\u51fa\u672c\u673a\uff0c\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728INPUT\u94fe\u4e0ePREROUTING\u94fe\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -p icmp -o eth4 -j DROP\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -p icmp ! -o eth4 -j DROP<\/code><\/pre>\n2\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n
1.tcp\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
-p tcp -m tcp \u2013sport \u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914dtcp\u534f\u8bae\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n
-p tcp -m tcp \u2013dport \u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914dtcp\u534f\u8bae\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -d 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 22 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22:25 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m tcp --dport :22 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80: -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -d 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m tcp ! --sport 22 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n2.multiport\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
-p tcp -m multiport \u2013sports \u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7,\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u201d\u9017\u53f7\u201d\u9694\u5f00<\/p>\n
-p udp -m multiport \u2013dports \u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u201d\u9017\u53f7\u201d\u9694\u5f00<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -d 192.168.1.146 -p udp -m multiport --sports 137,138 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,80 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport ! --dports 22,80 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80:88 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,80:88 -j REJECT<\/code><\/pre>\n3.udp\u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n
\u2013sport\uff1a\u5339\u914dudp\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
\u2013dport\uff1a\u5339\u914dudp\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 137:157 -j ACCEPT\n#\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408multiport\u6a21\u5757\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u7aef\u53e3<\/code><\/pre>\n4.icmp\u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n
\u2013icmp-type\uff1a\u5339\u914dicmp\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
![\"img\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/xianyijitan.top\/wp-blog\/typora-user-images\/iptable-image\/iptable-2.png?w=960&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u4e0a\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8868\u793a\u201d\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u201d\u7684icmp\u62a5\u6587\u7684type\u7801\u4e3a3\uff0c\u800c\u201d\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u201d\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u5316\u7684\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\uff0cicmp\u5bf9\u6bcf\u79cdtype\u53c8\u7ec6\u5206\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684code\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684code\u5bf9\u5e94\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528type\/code\u53bb\u5339\u914d\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684ICMP\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201d3\/1\u2033\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684icmp\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5c31\u8868\u793aping\u56de\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5b83\u7684type\u4e3a0\uff0ccode\u4e5f\u4e3a0\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cping\u56de\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\uff08query\uff09\u7684ICMP\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u7c7b\u4e0a\u5206\uff0cICMP\u62a5\u6587\u8fd8\u80fd\u5206\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7c7b\u7684icmp\u62a5\u6587\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u62a5\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u51fa\u7684ping\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684type\u4e3a8\uff0ccode\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\n iptables -t filter -I INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8\/0 -j REJECT\n iptables -t filter -I INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j REJECT\n iptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 0\/0 -j REJECT\n iptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j REJECT\n iptables -t filter -I INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type "echo-request" -j REJECT<\/code><\/pre>\n5.state\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9iptables\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u201d\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8estate\u6a21\u5757\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0etcp\u7684\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u753b\u7b49\u53f7\uff0c\u5728TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7c07\u4e2d\uff0cUDP\u548cICMP\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8estate\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8bf4\uff0ctcp\u62a5\u6587\u3001udp\u62a5\u6587\u3001icmp\u62a5\u6587\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8estate\u6a21\u5757\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e24\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5728\u201d\u4f60\u6765\u6211\u5f80\u201d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
![\"img\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/xianyijitan.top\/wp-blog\/typora-user-images\/iptable-image\/iptable-3.png?w=960&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8estate\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a5\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u62a5\u6587\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3aNEW\u3001ESTABLISHED\u3001RELATED\u3001INVALID\u3001UNTRACKED<\/p>\n
NEW<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662fNEW\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aNEW\u3002<\/p>\nESTABLISHED<\/strong>\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aNEW\u72b6\u6001\u5305\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7406\u89e3\u4e3aESTABLISHED\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n![\"img\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/xianyijitan.top\/wp-blog\/typora-user-images\/iptable-image\/iptable-4.png?w=960&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
RELATED<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aFTP\u670d\u52a1\uff0cFTP\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f20\u8f93\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7406\u89e3\u6210state\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\uff0c\u6682\u79f0\u4e3a\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93 ( \u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6682\u79f0\u4e3a\u201d\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u201d )\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u4f20\u8f93\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201d\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u4e0e\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u662f\u6709\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u201d\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662fRELATED\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u6587\u4e0e\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5bf9ftp\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u52a0\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757nf_conntrack_ftp\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables-config\u6587\u4ef6)<\/p>\n
INVALID<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662fINVALID\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u5c4f\u853d\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aINVALID\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u3002<\/p>\nUNTRACKED<\/strong>\uff1a\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3auntracked\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u62a5\u6587\u672a\u88ab\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u5f53\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aUntracked\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528state\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u653e\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aESTABLISHED\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aESTABLISHED\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u62a5\u6587\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aRELATED\u6216ESTABLISHED\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u90fd\u653e\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u56de\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u522b\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/p>\n
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# iptables -t filter -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673aIP\u4e3a104\uff0c\u5f53\u653e\u884cESTABLISHED\u4e0eRELATED\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5305\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u673a\u8fdc\u7a0bssh\u5230IP\u4e3a77\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece77\u4e0a\u4f7f\u752822\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u5230104\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0eIP\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece104\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u6536\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411104\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\niptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -d 192.168.1.146 -p udp -m multiport --sports 137,138 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,80 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport ! --dports 22,80 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80:88 -j REJECT\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.146 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,80:88 -j REJECT<\/code><\/pre>\n6\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe<\/h4>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u9ed8\u8ba4\u94fe\u5f15\u7528\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n#\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728filter\u8868\u4e2d\u521b\u5efaIN_WEB\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\niptables -t filter -N IN_WEB<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n#\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728INPUT\u94fe\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u521a\u624d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\niptables -t filter -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j IN_WEB<\/code><\/pre>\n\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n#\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5c06IN_WEB\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3aWEB\niptables -E IN_WEB WEB<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n
#\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a0\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5219\u7684WEB\u94fe\niptables -X WEB<\/code><\/pre>\n7\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/h4>\n
\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u673a\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1a \u5f80\u5f80\u5904\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5165\u53e3\u6216\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5165\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5f80\u5f80\u5904\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u6216\u8005\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u5145\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0ciptables\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5904\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5165\u53e3\u5904\uff0c\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
![\"img\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/xianyijitan.top\/wp-blog\/typora-user-images\/iptable-image\/iptable-5.png?w=960&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a58\u9ec4\u8272\u4e3b\u673a\u4e3aiptables\u6240\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6iptables\u5145\u5f53\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5373\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6d45\u84dd\u8272\u5706\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6240\u9632\u62a4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5706\u5f62\u5185\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u8baf\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u5f80\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u5f80\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7iptables\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u7531iptables\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u201d\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e76\u8f6c\u53d1\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u201d\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e76\u8f6c\u53d1\u201d\uff0ciptables\u62a5\u6587\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
![\"img\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/xianyijitan.top\/wp-blog\/typora-user-images\/iptable-image\/iptable-6.png?w=960&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
iptables\u90fd\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e3b\u673a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e3e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684INPUT\u94fe\u4e0eOUTPUT\u94fe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u201d\u8fc7\u6ee4\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u94fe\u53ea\u67093\u6761\uff0cINPUT\u3001OUTPUT\u3001FORWARD\uff0c\u5f53\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728INPUT\u94fe\u4e0eOUTPUT\u94fe\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0ciptables\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5c06iptables\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6253\u9020\u6210\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u521a\u624d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u5c31\u662f\u201d\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e76\u8f6c\u53d1\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u201d\u8fc7\u6ee4\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728INPUT\u3001OUTPUT\u3001FORWARD\u4e09\u6761\u94fe\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u201d\u8f6c\u53d1\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u6587\u5219\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7FORWARD\u94fe\uff08\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u673a\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u624d\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7INPUT\u94fe\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0ciptables\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728FORWARD\u94fe\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981iptables\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0ciptables\u6240\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u5f00\u542f\u6838\u5fc3\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u53d1\u62a5\u6587\u3002\n#\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c0\u8868\u793a\u672a\u5f00\u542f\uff0c1\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u5f00\u542f\ncat \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward\n#\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5747\u53ef\u4e34\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u6838\u5fc3\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91cd\u542f\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1aecho 1 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1asysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1\n#\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u542f\u6838\u5fc3\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u540e\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548\u3002\n\u914d\u7f6e\/etc\/sysctl.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff08centos7\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\/usr\/lib\/sysctl.d\/00-system.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5c06 net.ipv4.ip_forward\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\n\n#\u7531\u4e8eiptables\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e3a"\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u706b\u5899"\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5728filter\u8868\u4e2d\u7684FORWARD\u94fe\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\u3002\n#\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528"\u767d\u540d\u5355\u673a\u5236"\uff0c\u5148\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u653e\u884c\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\u3002\n#\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651"\u65b9\u5411\u95ee\u9898"\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u4e0e\u56de\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u7b49\u3002\n#\u793a\u4f8b\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u4e3b\u673a\u7684web\u670d\u52a1\u4e0esshd\u670d\u52a1\u3002\niptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT\niptables -I FORWARD -s 10.1.0.0\/16 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\niptables -I FORWARD -d 10.1.0.0\/16 -p tcp --sport 80 -j ACCEPT\niptables -I FORWARD -s 10.1.0.0\/16 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT\niptables -I FORWARD -d 10.1.0.0\/16 -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT\n\n#\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528state\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u8bb8\u591a"\u56de\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u653e\u884c\u89c4\u5219"\u3002\niptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT\niptables -I FORWARD -s 10.1.0.0\/16 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\niptables -I FORWARD -s 10.1.0.0\/16 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT\niptables -I FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u3001iptable\u4ecb\u7ecd iptables\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7iptables\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u201d\u5b89\u5168\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201d\u5b89\u5168\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53ebnetfilter netfilter\u624d\u662f\u9632\u706b\u5899\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6846\u67b6\uff08framework\uff09\uff0cnetfilter\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 iptables\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u64cd\u4f5c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002 1\u3001\u56db\u8868 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u53eb\u505a\u201d\u8868\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u800ciptables\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e864\u79cd\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0ciptables\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e864\u5f20\u201d\u8868\u201d,\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u201d\u94fe\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5982\u4e0b\u3002 \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6b21\u5e8f\uff08\u7531\u9ad8\u800c\u4f4e\uff09\uff1a raw \u2013> mangle \u2013> nat \u2013> filter \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u94fe\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c4\u5f20\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u7684\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6709output\u94fe\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6d77\u9646\u7a7a\u90fd\u80fd\u9632\u5b88\u7684\u5173\u5361\u3002 \u8868\u540d \u4f5c\u7528 \u94fe \u8bf4\u660e filter\uff08\u5e38\u7528\uff09 \u8d1f\u8d23\u8fc7\u6ee4\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff1aiptables_filter INPUT\u3001FORWARD\u3001OUTPUT \u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aDROP\u3001 LOG\u3001 ACCEPT \u6216 REJECT\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u4e2d\u3002 nat\uff08\u5e38\u7528\uff09 network address translation\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684 ip \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff1aiptable_nat PREROUTING\uff0cOUTPUT\uff0cPOSTROUTING\uff08centos7\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709INPUT\uff0ccentos6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\uff09 \u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u3001\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7b49\u7f51\u5740\u8f6c\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08SNAT\u3001DNAT\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8f6c\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u8bd1\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u8bd1\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6539\u5199\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u7387\uff0c\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c01\u5305\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8868\u91cc\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u9664\u4e86\u4f5c\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u8bd1\u5916\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u9014\u3002 mangle \u62c6\u89e3\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5c01\u88c5 \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6emark\u6807\u8bb0\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u91cf\u6574\u5f62\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff1aiptable_mangle PREROUTING\uff0cINPUT\uff0cFORWARD\uff0cOUTPUT\uff0cPOSTROUTING raw \u5173\u95ednat\u8868\u4e0a\u542f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff1aiptable_raw PREROUTING\uff0cOUTPUT \u5728iptables\u4e2d\uff0craw\u8868\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5728PREROUTING\u94fe\u548cOUTPUT\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884cip_conntrack\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff09\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86RAW\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u8df3\u8fc7NAT\u8868\u548cip_conntrack\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u518d\u505a\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5904\u7406\u3002 2\u3001\u4e94\u94fe \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4ecb\u5165\u65f6\u673a\uff0ciptables \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\uff1a \u94fe\u540d \u4f5c\u7528 \u8868 \u8bf4\u660e INPUT \u5f53\u6536\u5230\u8bbf\u95ee\u9632\u706b\u5899\u672c\u673a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219 mangle\u8868\u3001filter\u8868\u3001\uff08centos7\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709nat\u8868\uff0ccentos6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\uff09 OUTPUT \u5f53\u9632\u706b\u5899\u672c\u673a\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219 raw\u8868\u3001mangle\u8868\u3001nat\u8868\u3001filter\u8868 FORWARD \u5f53\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e2d\u8f6c\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219 mangle\u8868\u3001filter\u8868 PREROUTING \u5728\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u505a\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219 raw\u8868\u3001mangle\u8868\u3001nat\u8868 \u4f4d\u4e8enat\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08DNAT\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u516c\u7f51IP\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u4eec\u5185\u90e8\u7684IP\uff0c\u624d\u8ba9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u4f60\u4eec\u5185\u90e8\u53d7\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002 PREOUTING \u94fe\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 \u201d\u6d41\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u201d-o \u53c2\u6570 POSTROUTING \u5728\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u505a\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219 mangle\u8868\u3001nat\u8868 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